INDONESIA

 

Flag of Indonesia.svg

 

The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan’s surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949.

A period of sometimes unruly parliamentary democracy ended in 1957 when President SOEKARNO declared martial law and instituted “Guided Democracy.” After an abortive coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, SOEKARNO was gradually eased from power. From 1967 until 1988, President SUHARTO ruled Indonesia with his “New Order” government. After rioting toppled Suharto in 1998, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world’s third most populous democracy, the world’s largest archipelagic state, and the world’s largest Muslim-majority nation.

Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, reforming the criminal justice system, holding the military and police accountable for human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling infectious diseases, particularly those of global and regional importance.

In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face low intensity armed resistance in Papua by the separatist Free Papua Movement.

 

Indonesia map

 

Capital: Jakarta

Area: 1,904,569 km2 (water: 93,000 km2)

Population: 255,993,674 (July 2015 est.)

Currency: Indonesian Rupiad (IDR)

Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese)

Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, has grown strongly since 2010. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. The government has promoted fiscally conservative policies, resulting in a debt-to-GDP ratio of less than 25% and historically low rates of inflation. Fitch and Moody’s upgraded Indonesia’s credit rating to investment grade in December 2011. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. The government also faces the challenges of quelling labor unrest and reducing fuel subsidies in the face of high oil prices.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$1.285 trillion (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16

$1.22 trillion (2012 est.)

$1.149 trillion (2011 est.)

note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$867.5 billion (2013 est.)

GDP – real growth rate:

5.3% (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 48

6.2% (2012 est.)

6.5% (2011 est.)

GDP – per capita (PPP):

$5,200 (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 158

$5,000 (2012 est.)

$4,800 (2011 est.)

note: data are in 2013 US dollars

Gross national saving:

31.5% of GDP (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

32.6% of GDP (2012 est.)

33.1% of GDP (2011 est.)

GDP – composition, by end use:

household consumption: 56%

government consumption: 9.4%

investment in fixed capital: 32.7%

investment in inventories: 2%

exports of goods and services: 23.5%

imports of goods and services: -25.8%

(2013 est.)

GDP – composition, by sector of origin:

agriculture: 14.3%

industry: 46.6%

services: 39.1% (2013 est.)

Agriculture – products:

rubber and similar products, palm oil, poultry, beef, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal herbs, essential oil, fish and its similar products, and spices

Industries:

petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instuments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism

Industrial production growth rate:

4.3% (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 66

Labor force:

120 million (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 5

Labor force – by occupation:

agriculture: 38.9%

industry: 22.2%

services: 47.9% (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate:

6.6% (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 69

6.1% (2012 est.)

Population below poverty line:

11.7% (2012 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 3.3%

highest 10%: 29.9% (2009)

Distribution of family income – Gini index:

36.8 (2009)

country comparison to the world: 82

39.4 (2005)

Budget:

revenues: $137.5 billion

expenditures: $166 billion (2013 est.)

Taxes and other revenues:

15.8% of GDP (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 189

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):

-3.3% of GDP (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 133

Public debt:

24.2% of GDP (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 129

23% of GDP (2012 est.)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

7.7% (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 193

4.3% (2012 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

6.37% (31 December 2010)

country comparison to the world: 57

6.46% (31 December 2009)

note: this figure represents the 3-month SBI rate; the Bank of Indonesia has not employed the one-month SBI since September 2010

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

12.1% (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 71

11.8% (31 December 2012 est.)

note: these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans

Stock of narrow money:

$82.99 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 40

$87.04 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of broad money:

$325 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

$342 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit:

$336.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 32

$350 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$396.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

$390.1 billion (31 December 2011)

$360.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Current account balance:

-$28.72 billion (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 184

-$24.07 billion (2012 est.)

Exports:

$178.9 billion (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

$187.3 billion (2012 est.)

Exports – commodities:

oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber

Exports – partners:

Japan 15.9%, China 11.4%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 7.9%, US 7.8%, India 6.6%, Malaysia 5.9% (2012)

Imports:

$178.6 billion (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 28

$178.7 billion (2012 est.)

Imports – commodities:

machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Imports – partners:

China 15.3%, Singapore 13.6%, Japan 11.9%, Malaysia 6.4%, South Korea 6.2%, US 6.1%, Thailand 6% (2012)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$83.45 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 27

$112.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Debt – external:

$223.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

$224.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment – at home:

$207.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 27

$192.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment – abroad:

$17.41 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 48

$14.81 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Exchange rates:

Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar –

10,341.6 (2013 est.)

9,386.63 (2012 est.)

9,090.4 (2010 est.)

10,389.9 (2009)

9,698.9 (2008)

BANKING

Jl. M.H. Thamrin 2

Jakarta 10350, Indonesia
Phone: (+62 21) 3818044, 3818744
Fax: (+62 21) 3518951
Website: http://www.bi.go.id

 

 

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